as if Robert M. Hazen, Ph.D., George Mason University
Wave-particle dual brings us to the Bohr Atom and a complete circle of non-accelerating electrons. Those electrons, which appear at different energy levels, disappear only from one and appear on the other, but are nowhere to be found. Electrons are not particles or waves but a combination of these elements.
Wave-Particle Duality: How electrons work
One way to identify particles and waves is to see how they work when paired or guided in parallel pairs of narrow splits. There are two vertical splits, so when solid particles such as ping-pang balls are directed at this pair, they pass through the first crack, or pass through the second crack, or back.
But when sound or water waves are directed at two cracks, many maxima and minima create the so-called interference pattern on the slides. Well, this experiment has been tested electronically many, many times. When a single electron is fired at the cracks, a spot appears on the film.
That means electrons are like neutral particles. But when thousands of electrons are fired by a pair of cracked bullets, there are thousands of different locations, and they gradually merge in what appears to be an interference pattern. Conclusion Electrons must behave like particles and waves. And in atomic balance, this wave is called particle dual.
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When electrons act as particles
If the electron is thought to be a particle, then Newton’s motion equations can be used to analyze possible orbits. That is, for a given force, the given MV2, What is electronic energy, positive charge and negative charge, and therefore how far does it take to reach a stable orbit because there is an attractive force? So this can be analyzed like a small Newton universe.
If a planet is to have a stable orbit, then the gravitational pull of the planet must be balanced between gravity and external pressure. So even though the Bor atom is not like a planetary system, it is a true analogy with the planetary system.
So, similarly, if an electron is to achieve a stable orbit, this attractive electrostatic force must be balanced by the electron wave. By the way, these calculations lead to an infinite number, a stable electron orbit, and these can be lowered up and down from the original orbit.
Learn more about why atoms are intertwined.
When electrons act like waves
Now, the electron can be thought of in a completely different way. When a storm is limited to lying in a circle, it needs to accept a metaphor, which is called a permanent wave. There must be a number of constant waves in that circular orbit. This behavior can be expressed in a vibrating string.
There is a ground state that is only a small wave of energy. This can lead to the first stable orbit, the first exciting state. This is a little faster, and is divided into two units, and that fits perfectly into the same length cable. Each of these great states of happiness requires more power.
Short wavelength, high power, high state of happiness. These nodes, vibrating strings are perfectly compatible with each other, in a very simple way for different orbits, stable electrons in the Bor atom. The ground state has zero nodes. There are one node, two nodes, three nodes to determine how many vibrations fit on that roundabout.
How electrons select their orbit
Now, as it turns out, the electron orbits of hydrogen atoms are related to two completely different equation solutions — one for control behavior and one for wave behavior. In fact, the orbits of the boron are closely related to the only solution for electrons, which are considered particles and waves.
Somehow the electron knows that it must have both of these characteristics, and it selects an orbit that suits both possible models. Think about these effects in terms of power. Each electronic orbit can be strongly represented. In an item setting, this force has the kinetic energy of a particle.
Each orbit has a different energy, because the orbits closest to the nucleus are very weak and the charged particles are very close together. In a wave formula, energy is related to electron energy. Orbital power, it has changed, it is exactly the same.
Learn more about electromagnetic radiation.
The wonder of the quantum world
The two approaches fit beautifully together, but it requires one to think about this strange idea: wave-particle dualism. The sub-world is different from what a person’s inner perception suggests. Strange as it may seem, Quantum is a mechanical drawing, it all makes for a harmonious and consistent picture.
The quantum world is strange. The role of science, however, is to develop more accurate descriptions of the physical world and events in that world. Some conditions, such as planet’s orbit, are ideal for accurate calculations. Other situations, like copying a coin, are better explained by chance.
Common questions about Wave-Particle Duality
Basis Storm-particle duality, If a single electron is fired at the cracks, it forms a spot on the photographic film. But when too many electrons are fired at the cracks, they take up a lot of space. The spaces merge with each other Intervention design.
Storm-particle duality It is a word in the world of electrons and particles. Electrons have no particle or wave behavior, but something between these two characteristics. Therefore, they always choose an orbit with wave and particle models.
It is clear that electrons are used Storm-particle duality Behavior to select a suitable orbit. But considering Newton’s behavior as a particle, Newton’s motion equilibrium (m2) Can be used to estimate possible orbits.